вЂњA telecommunications operator is prohibited from engaging in telecommunications operations business, which violates the public interest, morals, security or public order.вЂќДЄrticle 41 of this law, also known as the вЂњLaw of Telecommunication',В states: 36 of 1999В states in article 4 that вЂњthe state has authority on telecommunication and the government has power to its development,вЂќ which could be construed as giving the government a wideВ mandate over communications content. Law No 39 of 1999 states that Indonesia has a responsibilityВ to honour and implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international instruments on human rights, which by extension would ensure the right to privacy as perВ Article 12. The 1998 Decree of the Consultative Assembly (TAP MPR) No.В 17/MPR/1998 asserts various protections around freedom of expression and association and communication, though it does not specifically enshrine privacy as a right. The most popular platforms in the country are Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter, according to the same study. Indonesians are active users of social media platforms. We Are Social, a social media consultancy, put this figureВ slightly higher at 72.7 million Indonesians using the internet as of 2015, representing a penetration rate of 28 % of the population. In 2014, there were 29.6 million fixed phone subscriptions in Indonesia, corresponding to just over 30 subscriptions per 100 people, according to statisticsВ collected by the International Telecommunications Union.В That year, there were 319 million mobile subscriptions, representing approximately 116.8 subscriptions per 100 people.ДЄccording to the International Telecommunications UnionВ (ITU), 20.4 % of Indonesians used the internet in 2016.

the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and.

the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

The Indonesia has ratified a number of international human rights treaties with privacy implications.

вЂњEvery person shall have the right to communicate and to obtain information for the purpose of the development of his/her self and social environment, and shall have the right to seek, obtain, possess, store, process and convey information by employing all available types of channels.вЂќ Regional and international conventions вЂњ(1) Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honour, dignity, and property, and shall have the right to feel secure against and receive protection from the threat of fear to do or not do something that is a human right.вЂќДЄrticle 28(f) guarantees the right to communication, though it does not mention privacy: However, Article 28(g) protects the right to dignity and вЂњto feel secureвЂќ, concepts that are often related to the right to privacy in national constitutions: Indonesia's Constitution does not explicitly mention privacy. ID regime: Indonesia has a biometrics-based identity card scheme, e-KPT required to obtain passports, driving licenses and theВ state health insurance card. Recent scandal: the purchase of an internet censorship system by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology triggered fears of surveillance.ДҐ. Data protection agency:В Indonesia currently has no data protection law agency.Д¤.

Data protection law: Indonesia currently has no data protection law.ДЈ. Constitutional privacy protection: The constitution does not explicitly mention privacy.Дў. The State of Privacy in Indonesia is the result of an ongoing collaboration by Privacy International and The Institute for Policy Research and Advocacy (ELSAM).ДЎ.

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